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Abstract title: Heroism and ambiguity: NGO advocacy in international policy
Author: Paul Nelson
Issue: Volume 10, No 3 and 4 (double anniversary issue) 2000

NGO advocacy is sometimes portrayed in a heroic light, but efforts to influence World Bank-supported economic policies confront considerable ambiguity. Influence is difficult to demonstrate, but advocacy should be more rigorously assessed in the interest of transparency and effectiveness. Two (partial) solutions to this ambiguity are to focus on the process of NGO campaigns themselves; and to monitor impact on component parts of a model of institutional change at the Bank. This article assesses a recent advocacy campaign by testing it against five criticisms of NGO campaigning, then proposes that NGO advocates develop a practical model of policy change and monitor and evaluate their efforts with reference to the models component parts.

This article also appears in the Development in Practice Reader Debating Development and Development and Advocacy

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